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    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ajhe</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>African Journal of Health Economics</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>C</PISSN>
      <EISSN>o</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 16  Issue 1</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>July 30</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Review &amp; Research</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>ECONOMIC BURDEN OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COSTS, PRODUCTIVITY LOSS, AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>33</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Harmony Uchenna</FirstName>
          <LastName>Ibezim</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Hendrith</FirstName>
          <LastName>Esene</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Imesidayo Omua</FirstName>
          <LastName>Eboreime-Oikeh</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Bassey Etim Immaculata</FirstName>
          <LastName/>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Oghenekome Sarah</FirstName>
          <LastName>Aghale</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>https://doi.org/10.35202/AJHE.2026.16103</DOI>
      <Abstract>Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a growing public health crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), imposing substantial economic burdens on households, health systems, and economies. While epidemiological impacts are documented, evidence on economic consequences and financial protection remains fragmented.&#13;
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Methods: PRISMA-guided systematic review searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and institutional reports (WHO, World Bank, African Development Bank, CDC). Eligible studies reported NCD economic outcomes in SSA. After screening, 86 studies underwent narrative synthesis (PROSPERO: CRD420251045602).&#13;
&#13;
Findings: NCDs generate high direct and indirect costs across SSA. Indirect costs, such as productivity losses, informal caregiving, and premature mortality, frequently exceed medical expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments dominate financing, causing catastrophic health spending and impoverishment, particularly among low-income, rural, and informal-sector households. National health insurance coverage remains low (</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Catastrophic health expenditure, Economic burden, Health insurance coverage, Non-communicable diseases, Sub-Saharan Africa, Systematic Review, Universal health coverage</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://ajhe.org.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=16314&amp;title=ECONOMIC BURDEN OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COSTS, PRODUCTIVITY LOSS, AND POLICY INTERVENTIONS</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
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        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
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